Polar Bears :: essays papers

Polar Bears â€Å"Saving the White Beast† The Polar Bear males can measure up to nine feet long, and can weigh 770-1430 lbs. The fur of the Polar Bear covers their entire body except their nose and pads of their feet. The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) is the largest living carnivore on the planet earth. (National Parks Service). The polar bear lives in a small place on the top of the globe called the Arctic Circle. At an average the polar bears have about five million square miles of living space. The Polar ears have gotten close to 150 ft. from the North Pole. (WWF 1). These white creatures do not hibernate in the winter like other bears, instead they hunt. The bears main diet is the ringed and bearded seal. These bears have a great sense of smell. They can smell seals kilometers away, and detect one under three feet of snow. This helps them find the food they need during winter months when the seals migrate south to get warm. The bears are patient when it comes to food. They need two kilograms of fat a day to survive. A seal can provide five days worth of food. If the bears are starving they eat the whole seal; otherwise, they just eat the blubber and entrails for protein (National Parks Service). The bears live in Canada or above. They rarely go below Canada since it is too warm there. The giant bears have thick white fur, which helps the bear survive the cold, and it has a thick layer of blubber all around its body where it stores up food when needed. They can go with out food for 2 weeks if necessary (Larsen 7). Their fur is what helps retain the heat inside their bodies. The fur looks white but it is actually clear colored. The sun shines through the clear fur to the bear’s black skin, which absorbs the heat and retains it. Actually it does such a good job that the bears have to jump in icy water, and even roll in the snow to cool off. Fredtjoj Nansen gives this description of the polar bear, â€Å"Elegant body, big neck, small head, and short ears give it a ferocious look† (6). When its time for the bears to reproduce, the male approaches the female. The males have many mates in their lifetime. When the females are pregnant, they dig a den in which they stay until after pregnancy for a while with the bears can survive the cold.

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay

Healthcare delivery systems refer to the organization of resources, institutions, and people intended to provide healthcare services to particular populations. Health systems vary substantially across the world. In fact, the organizational structures and history is unique in each country. Some states have distributed health system planning amongst market stakeholders. On the contrary, other countries have concentrated energy among religious organizations, governments, trade unions and other united institutions to provide organized health care services customized to target populations. The objective of this essay is comparing similarities and differences between various international health care systems across the globe. One of the major health care delivery programs in the United States includes group health insurance plans. The health system emerged during World War II. The employers began offering employee benefits in the form of affordable healthcare services to attract the limite d labor supply. Since then, many healthcare reforms implemented in the United States from the 1970s has enhanced this philosophy (Yih, 2010). Currently, US has over 1200 insurance companies that give group health insurance programs. The objective of group insurance plans is providing employees with affordable, high quality and efficient healthcare services (Cooper & Taylor, 1994). The Medicare program is another healthcare delivery system intended for retirees above sixty-five years. The service differs from group health insurance plan in that the beneficiaries are unemployed, and the government pays for the individuals’ treatment cost. For younger and poorer American citizens below sixty-five years, the government has established Medicaid healthcare delivery system to offer free medical services. Eligible candidates for the Medicaid program include poor individuals that cannot afford the service and  non-beneficiaries of subsidized healthcare systems such as the group insurance (Cooper & Taylor, 1994). In addition to these methods, the US has a variety of other healthcare systems intended for the uninsured. The p rograms include the Veterans Administration, military and Native Americans among others. These programs are extremely complex since they have varied the reimbursement, underwriting, benefit and eligibility (McCarthy & Schafermeyer, 2007). Canada uses a healthcare delivery program called â€Å"Single payer system.† The intention of establishing the system is ensuring healthcare equality among all the citizens. The coverage of the plan is universal and comprehensive. The provincial governments provide funds for the compulsory medical care using tax money (McCarthy & Schafermeyer, 2007). However, the federal government contributes and controls some of the money the provincial administrations contribute to the citizens’ healthcare plans. Patients are independent to choose their preferred healthcare provider. Majority of the physicians in Canada have private practices that they charge a fee based on services they provide. Many hospitals are not-for-profit institutions that are managed by trustee boards. The modern healthcare delivery system in Canada began in Sa skatchewan in the 1950s and then spread to the entire nation by 1966 (Baribault & Cloyd, 1999). Japan provides medical services to every citizen using employer-financed insurance plan. The aim of using employer-based program is controlling the cost of healthcare expenses. The result of the plan is a substantially healthy nation at one of the most affordable healthcare cost in the world (Yih, 2010). The country has a variety of insurance programs that are funded using various obligatory deductions, patient co-payments, and taxes. Patients have the liberty of choosing their preferred healthcare providers (McCarthy & Schafermeyer, 2007). On the other hand, healthcare delivery providers are compensated using a national rate and formula negotiated by a panel composed of citizens, insurers, and providers. The government has set a price limit to control price increase of policies at a given time. The main benefit of the restricted policy price is equitable access and affordable healthcare program (Baribault & Cloyd, 1999). Japan established its present healthcare program in 1922 as the government believed that a healthy nation was necessary to maintain the nation productive and affluent. Initially, Japan intended the program to serve manual laborers, but the country amended its  constitution after World War II to make the program compulsory to everyone (Cooper & Taylor, 1994). American healthcare delivery system differs from that in Canada and Japan in that the government has not set healthcare systems’ price limit. As a result, the healthcare cost varies from one provider to the other. The economic law of demand and supply also determines the cost of healthcare services, which makes American medical care programs among the most expensive in the world. In the United States, several doctors are directly employed in public hospitals while many healthcare professionals in Canada have private practices (Baribault & Cloyd, 1999). On the contrary, health care delivery systems in Japan, Canada, and the USA have similarities such as liberty to choose from several healthcare providers. In addition, insurance programs play an essential role in providing affordable healthcare plans to every citizen. Each country also offers fully sponsored or subsidized healthcare services to the extremely poor, army veterans and other specialized group that may not afford to make regular contributions towards the healthcare services (Baribault & Cloyd, 1999). Employers are supposed to deduct some cash from their employees’ salary, and provide either a hundred or two hundred percent match to the deduction, to pay for healthcare insurance (Cooper & Taylor, 1994). In my view, I would recommend sickness fund healthcare system as it has proven functional in countries such as Germany. Germany’s trade guilds established the initial health system in 1883 that the government applied as a model to create the country’s â€Å"sickness funds†. The objective of the system is financing, paying and providing healthcare services. It integrates decision-making and decentralized power with efficient bargaining power that occurs at local, federal and state levels. Germans have solidarity and believe that everyone is entitled to access quality medical services irrespective of their capability to pay, income or employment. Similarly, if other countries in the world can adopt such a healthcare system, everybody would have access to q uality healthcare services. Patients covered by the program can access affordable health care services universally (Cooper & Taylor, 1994). Some of the services that sickness fund covers include drugs and dental care services. It also provides young mothers’ grants, money for purchasing eyeglasses and compensation wages when individuals are sick. Since sickness funds do not offer healthcare coverage for some issues,  individuals can purchase health insurance plans for the uncovered services. Everybody in Germany is supposed to be a member of a sickness fund, except the wealthy persons that can afford private health insurance. I believe the world’s population would have access to quality health care services required for maintaining healthy nations (Baribault & Cloyd, 1999). References Cooper E. & Taylor L. (1994). Comparing Health Care Systems: What makes sense for the US? Context Institute. Web, retrieved on January 18, 2015 from http://www.context.org/iclib/ic39/cooptalr/ Baribault, M. & Cloyd, C. (1999). Health Care Systems: Three International Comparisons. Ethics of Development in Global Environment. McCarthy, R. L., & Schafermeyer, K. W. (2007). Introduction to health care delivery: A primer for pharmacists. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. Yih, Y. (2010). Handbook of Healthcare Delivery Systems. CRC Press.

My country Essay

PERSONAL PROFILE NAME: Nyarko, Christa Akosua DATE OF BIRTH: 22ndDecember, 1985 PLACE OF BIRTH: Hwidiem REGION: Brong Ahafo NATIONALITY: Ghanaian RELIGION: Christianity LANGUAGES SPOKEN: Twi and English MARTAL STATUS: Single CONTACT NUMBER: 0200400321 E- MAIL ADDRESS: christanyarko@rocketmail.com EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND YEAR INSTITUTION ATTENDED QUALIFICATION June Jul 2012 University of Ghana (ISSER) Cert. in Project Cycle Management 2005?2009 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology B.A. Economics 2001?2004 Kumasi Girl’s Senior High School S.S.C.E 1998?2001 O.L.A Junior High School B.E.C.E Other Training: Valid First Aid Certificate awarded by St. John Ambulance at African Underground Mining Services , Newmont Ahafo Plant site (Subika Project) WORK EXPERIENCE African Underground Mining Services (A.U.M.S), Kenyasi (Feb. 2011- May 2013) Position held: Mine Controller/ Dispatcher Department: Mining Responsibilities: Trucking of Haulage for Optimum production Coordinating people, machinery and equipment to achieve optimal production in accordance with mine plan priorities. Serve as central communication person for mine production and safety, including emergency events and also as the central point of information for the mines site Capturing, validate and record mine site data through the modular mining system. Fostering a positive and productive working relationship among team members and with other departments. Monitoring effective and efficient mining methods. Completing shift and production reports in an efficient and timely manner. Liaise with Production Supervisors, Mine Engineering and Mine Management. Ensuring that information required for making production decisions is readily available and accurate. Responsible for writing the Daily shift reports and Newmont Daily reports for managerial production meeting Organizing, planning and prioritizing work – Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize to successfully accomplish work Maintain a strong communication and operational coordination for mining activities Assist production supervisor in identifying potential process problems that may impact on daily plan and facilitate alternatives

A New Health Care System

Presently, the United States health care system is experiencing plentiful challenges ranging from staff shortage, overcrowding of emergency departments, and high cost of medical care to limited access for the unfortunate in the community.Signs that the system is going to collapse are almost everywhere, from hospitals overflowing with underinsured people to film laboratories unable to establish diagnosis. Currently, the health care is provided through the market with the government playing a restricted role. This has made it almost impossible for all people to have access to basic medical care. Moreover, access to health care is a major issue facing the citizens.Specific barriers to health care include lack of medical cover, the big figure of undocumented residents Although universal health care can ensure increased coverage, many people in   are opposed to increased government participation.Among the developed countries, United States is the only country that spends colossal amount s of money in its health care and fails to provide health care for its citizens. A new health care system that includes increased government participation, provision of health care in schools, ambulatory services and establishment of a charitable assistance can ensure admittance to health care for all.Introduction of Ambulatory ServicesThe new health care system will deal with common problem is overcrowding in hospital emergency departments, a trend which has momentous health implications (Park, 2007).Emergency patient’s rerouted to distant facilities risk increased mortality and morbidity. Overcrowding within the emergency department is linked with poorer results and can lead to prolonged pain and discomfort for patients. There is   need to embrace ambulatory services as means of offering health to the citizens   due to high numbers of people visiting medical facilities. The inclination towards ambulatory care in the widest sense of the word will mean outpatient health c are for which the individual isn’t booked for an overnight stay.These underlying factors will include; the dire need to reduce mounting hospital expenditure; the increased demand for better patient-focused care and the passion for improved admission at the community level. The embracement of ambulatory health care in the city may lead to greater patient contentment.School Based ProgramsMost of the young children will benefit from this novel program. In order to make health care accessible to all residents, the health care will be provided through the schools as well as in health facilities. Schools have the capacity to offer preventive and screening services to a broad range of children who might otherwise not access health care.For most of the young people attending educational institutions, there is a dire need to provide health care including dental services. This will include not only referrals for restorative but also health care preventive health care as well.A connecte d area is education on good dieting to prevent health problems such as dental conditions and to deal with the prevalent problem of obesity and its related health effects among school children. This program will not be disadvantaged by the new system.For adolescents, broadening of health programs will be required to assist students manage substance abuse, family conflict and sexuality. Learning institutions can serve as locales for early diagnosis of health problems and mental conditions; a key issue is relating students to comprehensive care to assist them deal with those problems.Increased Government Involvement.A new health care system that includes increased government involvement will help in addressing current challenges such as hazardous and pointless medical procedures and removal of monetary games between patients, insurers and doctors Park, 2007).In addition, huge amounts of cash would be saved doing away with expensive health care needed when a sick individual fails to obt ain preventive care. Further, establishment of charitable assistance for the underprivileged would be enviable, as many people would agree the current programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are invasive and harmful to the health of the patient (Castro, 1991).According to Castro, Medicare is too bureaucratic and expensive and is depriving young employees in the country (1991). To make health care more affordable, voluntary charitable assistance will be provided to enable the poor to purchase personal medical coverage thus saving them the massive bureaucratic expenses and the unbearable book-keeping requirements as well as legal threats impressed upon physicians and insurers.Challenges to the Proposed SystemThe proposed system that includes increased government participation would create problems because even in difficult days the benefits of increased government participation in health care in U. S are sadly hidden from the general public (Lev, 2009). Instead the negative effects con tinue to triumph in the minds of many policy makers.   Erroneously, most Americans are often ensnared into ideological arguments such as the perception of freedom, opposition to nationalized health care, a fake feeling of autonomy of option and irrational fear of government ineffectiveness in managing such a large system of health care.ConclusionSuch a health care system will not cause problems because when government fully caters for the expenses of medical care, in fact the individuals or employers would be freed from paying private insurance.Further, increased government participation in medical care provision would greatly decrease expenses not only as a result of exercising monopoly authority mainly in the process of purchasing drugs but also for the reason that management overheads linked   with private cover and profit margins will be eliminated. Second, the use of school based health care will guarantee that most of school going children receives screening and preventive health services which may otherwise not have been available to them.ReferencesCastro, J. (1991). Condition: Critical. Time, 38(21), 8-34Lev, S. (2009). Healthy Questions: Private versus Universal Health Care. Retrieved May3, 2009 from http://www.groundreport.com/Politics/Healthy-Questions-Private- versus-Universal-Health.Weinstein, M. et al. (1996). Recommendations of the panel on cost –effectiveness in health and medicine. Economic issues, 276(1), 1253-1258.Park, H. (2007). Broken system: The U.S. has failed at health care. Retrieved June 25,2009 from http://74.125.93.104/search?q=cache:Vj7uCP6pSB8J:www.uga.edu/globis/direc tor/articles/10272007.pdf+why+united+states+has+failed+to+socialized+medicine&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ke.   

Diabetic food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diabetic food - Essay Example Therefore, imaging presentation will vary due to lack of specificity in complex clinical circumstances. This should only be ordered to confirm a suspected diagnosis and direct patient management. A simple definition of diabetes is a disorder of metabolism. It is a serious disease that can be developed from lack of insulin production in the body. Most of the food we eat is broken into glucose. This glucose is the form of sugar and the main fuel of the body. Glucose passes into the bloodstream where it is used for the growth and energy. Insulin must be present in order for the glucose gets into the cells. It is a hormone produced by pancreas gland that helps the process of food we eat and turn it into energy. The symptoms of diabetes may begin gradually and can be hard to identify first. These may include feeling tired or ill, slow healing of infections and genital itching. When there is extra sugar in blood, one way the body gets rid of it is through frequent urination. This loss of fluid in the body causes extreme thirst. According to Burke A. Cunha diabetes often goes undiagnosed because of it's harmless symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, extreme hunger, irritability and blurry vision. Complications can be associated with diabetes. This disrupts the vascular system that affects many areas of the body such as eyes, kidneys, legs and feet. However, people with this kind of disease should pay special attention to their feet because the smallest of the injuries can lead to a medical emergency. This is because the common problems of people with diabetes are foot infections. These individuals are predisposed to foot infections because of a compromised vascular supply. Moreover, patients with diabetes can have a combined infection involving bone and soft tissue called fetid foot. Pathophysiology Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins because of a lack of insulin. A disorder that affects microvascular circulation is diabetes mellitus. The microvascular disease due to sugarcoated capillaries limits the blood supply to deep structures. Pressure due to ill-fitting shoes further compromises the blood supply at the microvascular level that affects a person to infection. The infection may involve the skin, soft tissues, bone or all these tissues. The primary problem in diabetic foot infection is microvascular compromise, these occur in setting of good dorsalis pulse. Impaired microvascular circulation hinders white cell migration in the area of infections and limits the ability of antibiotic reach the infected area. The chronic osteomyelitis represents an island of infected bone. This bone fragment that are isolated have no blood supply. However, administered antibiotics do not penetrate the devascularized infected bone fragments. They can only enter through the remaining blood supply. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy alone cannot cure patients with chronic osteomyelitis without surgical debridement to remove these isolated infected elements. Epidemiology Diagnosed diabetes is most prevalent in middle-aged and elderly populations. The highest rates occurring in people aged 65 years

The Dilemma That Exists Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dilemma That Exists - Case Study Example On the other hand, the psychological approach is that behaviorism principles be applied to help the child learn to distinguish right and wrong behavior by rewarding the child’s positive behaviors (Bailey and Burch, 2013). While it is right to reward a child’s behavior, it is more appropriate if the child learns to take up their responsibilities without necessarily expecting a reward. The dilemma that exists is that there is a conflict on whether to use the Matt’s mother’s intuition or to apply a psychological approach in helping the child to appreciate their duty of doing homework or even using respectful language. According to McNamara’s decision making model, if there exists a situational dilemma it is important to identify the basis of the conflict while choosing the right path to take on the situation (McNamara, 2008). The Basis of the Conflict A keen look at the scenario shows that there exists a conflict of interest between Matt’s mothe r and the welfare of the child in the child orientation program. The mothers wish is that the child learns to respect people, do its homework and doing his chores in the same manner that she learnt without necessarily receiving tokens for doing what they are supposed to do.

The economics system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The economics system - Essay Example With the advancement in the technological and environmental aspect, the nations are involving in better means of production and distribution to earn competitive advantage in the global scenario. The concept of the economic system is elaborated as the system of production and trade of goods and/or services in a community. The overall economic system includes individual, organisation, sectors and end users of a society or in general, it is often referred as the mode of production. Moreover, economics is identified on a wider concept, which is sub-divided into the two aspects i.e. micro and macroeconomics. Microeconomics focuses on demand and supply of products and/or services in the markets in relation to the change in the price level. On the other hand, macroeconomic dimension includes the relationship of the aggregate variables including the purchasing power, price income and money (McConnell et al., 2009). The study of the overall economic system comprises both the micro and macro economy of a nation or a particular community at large about how firms and various agencies are linked among each other, how the communication information flow between the them and the social relationship in the economic system. Thus, in larger and boarder term, it comprises various processes that are followed within a geographical region in the production, distribution and circulation of labor for producing products and/or services, machineries, consumer goods and infrastructure among others. Moreover, the economic system of one nation varies with other nations due to differences in the political structure, culture and environmental conditions. In this regard, the point will be justified with the fact that Chinese economic system is comparatively very complex as compare the western nations’. The economic system consist of both capitalistic and socialistic aspects and the global economic system falls in four main